Task 2

Lacey, Nick. Image and representation: key concepts in media studies. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998. Print.



Pg14- 'Photograpghy is, literally, 'writing with light'.

Photographs represent the 'real world'.


Pg 34- Anchorage is not only provided by words: the actual choice of image is a factor in determining meaning.

Juxtaposition means 'being placed side-by-side'.

'Before and After ' advertisements

ideology is a 'world view'

ideology 'does not express it self as an ideology but as a reality'


Pg131- taken from Talking popular by richard dyer

Re-presentation - this consists of essentially of media language, the conventions which are used to represent the world to the audience.

Being representative of - the extent which types are used to represent social groups. This is dealt with here in a consideration of stereotypes.

Who is responsible for the representation, how the institution creating a media text influences representation - this is particularly contentious in the representation of gender, as it is often men doing the representing.

What does the audience think is being represented to them.

Pg222- because a medium necessarily mediates between the audience and reality, it must be a representation.

pg 223- the technological development of the medium has undoubtedly made images seem more 'real'

Physical alteration of the image is limited to superimposition and airbrushing, a digitalised image can be completely changed.


Argyle, Michael-The psychology of interpersonal behaviour-Penguin- 1986


Eight aspects of NVC - non verbal communication
-facial expression
-gaze
-gestures and other bodiley movements
-bodily postures
-bodily bheaviour
-clothes and apperance
-non verbal aspects of speech


Gregory, R. L.-Eye and brain: the psychology of seeing-Princeton University Press- 1990


'Seeing is believing'


Sullivan, Tim, Brian Dutton, and Philip Rayner. Studying the media: an introduction. London: Arnold, 2003. Print.


pg 112- Mass manipulation model

pg 105- 'surface realism'. This means 'getting the details right'

' inner or emotional realism'. This allows the audience to identify with the situation and characters portrayed and in particular 'feel' or 'share' emotions that are a essential part.


Wolf, Naomi. The beauty myth: how images of beauty are used against women. New York: W. Morrow, 1991. Print.


''There is a secret "underlife" poisoning our freedom; infused with notions of beauty, it is a dark vein of self-hatred, physical obsessions, terror of aging, and dread of lost control."


McCracken, E. (1992) Decoding Women’s Magazines. Basingstoke: Macmillan

pg13-“Together, the visual images and headlines on a magazine cover offer a complex semiotic system, communicating primary and secondary meanings through language, photographs, images, colour and placement.”

pg20-Most women’s magazines covers target consumers by offering them an ‘idealised reader-image’